The concept of information technology
Information technology refers to a wide range of capacities, components or components used in the processing, storage and distribution of data and information as well as its role in creating knowledge. 1 In this sense, technology deals with elements of data, information, knowledge and intelligence as follows:
* Data: Raw material, virgin data, numbers and events used as input elements, which are converted using IT tools to positive information “in the direction of the event.
* Information: is the product of data processing and therefore is a vital resource and unique and creative energy, but the modern consideration of information goes beyond the classical logic, which treats information as a commodity or service only because it became a more regular living entity of any time and more vital and influential in the work and life of the establishment.
Knowledge: A combination of deep knowledge and understanding based on extensive and diverse information and facts in an organized context in the use of qualitative accumulation of information. Knowledge is linked to experience and intelligence, which involves the combination of knowledge, insight, accumulated experience and mental abilities in causing problems, seeking solutions and differentiation. And IT systems and systems with four levels of data in which the technology is increasing and the effect of it starts to the type and level of data you deal with. In other words:
Data represent the lowest level of data processed by IT.
Information represents a higher level. Technology then advances itself to deal with more complex data and facts, namely, knowledge, information technology, and intelligence, a common attempt to represent or represent a store.
This means that the term information technology does not necessarily mean the use of data processing techniques and the production of information exclusively, but means computer tools and techniques that deal with data data, information, knowledge, intelligence and resulting information systems work on this basis and even when IT is defined: As computer-based tools used by individuals to work with information, information support, and information processing requirements in an organization, the meaning is to use hardware, computer software and networks to produce data of expertise, knowledge and intelligence.
However, there is more than one perspective of information technology, such as the partial perspective that refers to the technological dimension of the information system. Information technology is merely a subsystem within the information system (including management information systems).
The overall perspective of information technology is a wide umbrella that constitutes both information systems and processing techniques, data, communications, individuals, organizations, etc. In other words, the overall perspective is concerned with the study of all forms of technology used in the formation, exchange and use of information in its various forms (information on activities, , Text, images, multimedia) to other forms and modes. Information technology therefore represents a wide range of capabilities and components for the various elements used to store, process and distribute information, To its role in the process of knowledge creation (3), and tend researcher to adopt a macro perspective of information technology being is not an end in itself but is the means used by information systems, including management information systems within the framework of an integrated and coherent synthesis to support the administration and business.
In particular, they deal with electronic computers and computer software to transfer, store, protect and process information, as well as transfer and retrieval of information. For this reason, computer and computing specialists (IT specialists) The section that deals with the operating technologies and software in a particular company is called the information section and the names that also call this section the information services department (IS) or the service provider of the organization (MSP) (4).
