The Concept of Civilization

Mursaleen Hamed Saeed Abbas
Supervised by: Asst. Prof. Dr. Najlaa Karim Mahdi

1- The concept of civilization
The linguistic meaning of civilization in the Arabic language is urbanization, as it is the resident in the city. Civilization is the opposite of nomadism, which means life in the town, while nomadism means life in the desert.
The concept of civilization in terminology is that it is conditions more than necessary from urbanization and delicacy in fewness and abundance. (Al-Aqla, 2021, p. 946).

2- The civilization of Iraq
The civilization of Iraq is one of the oldest civilizations in the world, and archaeological evidence indicates that the Sumerian civilization began in Iraq around the year 4500 (BC).
Then, it was followed by many other civilizations in later ages, such as the Babylonian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Abbasid, and others. The Iraqi civilization dates back to many ancient and essential civilizations, starting with the Sumerian civilization in the fourth millennium BC, followed by the Babylonian, Assyrian, Akkadian, Parthian, Sassanian, and other civilizations. It had a significant impact on the world. Although Iraq has been affected by foreign invasions and conflicts throughout the ages, it still has a rich history and culture. The Iraqi civilization was distinguished in science, astronomy, literature, arts, trade, and the invention of the wheel and writing. Among the most significant achievements of the Iraqi civilization were the invention of many technologies such as metals, copper works, glass, lamp making, waste control, water storage, and irrigation. The Iraqi civilization was famous for manufacturing pottery and statues on ivory carvings, which many countries were famous for. The Iraqi civilization was famous for agricultural tools and machines, the textile industry, and knitting. Many Sumerian records are well-known for the wool industry. It was renowned for agriculture, considered one of the most important economic components of the country.