The effect of rain on climate

Zaid Hakim Jiyad
Under the supervision of Lect. Dr. Ali Khazal Jawad

Among the phenomena associated with climate change is also the variation in rainfall rates at the global level. While rainfall rates have increased in the regions of eastern America, northern Europe, northern and central Asia, they have decreased in the Mediterranean Basin, southern Africa, and regions in southern Asia.
While the significant increase in rainfall rates increases the risk of floods and torrents and the resulting multiple disasters and crises, the decrease in these rates to the point of drought affects the water security of many countries and causes a major setback to their economic and social stability.
The matter here is not limited to the spatial variation in rainfall rates and directions, but extends to include the quality of rainfall as well, as it has been accompanied by climate change and the rise in the levels of acidic gases in the atmosphere, such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen oxides, due to the continued burning of fossil fuels and the burning of solid waste. The spread of what is known as acid rain, which is formed by the union of these gases with oxygen in the air and then the union with water vapor to later fall in the form of acid rain when conditions are suitable for rain or in the form of fog Smoke when the weather is cold or mixed with falling ice crystals and covering the surface of the earth in cases of extreme cold
Although industrialized countries are the main source of this rain and the most exposed to its risks, especially the damage to the marine environment, crops and public health, this damage is not limited to these countries only, but extends to include the rest of the countries as well. The Scandinavian countries complained about the proliferation of acid rain coming to them from European industrial centers, while Canada accused the United States of America of being the source of the acid rain that falls on it every year, which is estimated at 12 million tons annually [16]. Asian countries, especially India, China and Thailand, also suffer from acid rain, as these countries consume a huge amount of coal as fuel for industrial production.