{"id":24549,"date":"2024-03-27T22:10:14","date_gmt":"2024-03-27T19:10:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/?p=24549"},"modified":"2024-03-27T22:10:14","modified_gmt":"2024-03-27T19:10:14","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ab%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9-16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/blog\/2024\/03\/27\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ab%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b9-16\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 :"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"126\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 :<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c\u0648\u0625\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">(2)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 :<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062d\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0643\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">(3)<\/a> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3 . \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"270\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 :-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 :<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">(1)<\/a> .<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 :<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">(2)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4 . \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"126\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">(3)<\/a>:-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 <\/strong><strong>(Joint Venture)<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">(4)<\/a> \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 (49%) \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">(5)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646(Markusen) \u00a0\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">(3)<\/a> :-<\/p>\n<p>* \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 .<\/p>\n<p>* \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>* \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 .<\/p>\n<p>* \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u06371\u060c 1974 \u060c \u0635 16 .<\/p>\n<p>\u062f. \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0642\u0631 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 1998 \u060c \u063514 .<\/p>\n<p>\u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631&#8221; \u060c \u0625\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u060c 1988 \u060c \u0635 124 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u062d\u0641 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 27 .<\/p>\n<p>\u062f. \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0642\u0631:&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 14 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0Kioshe Kojima :&#8221;Direct Foreign Investment&#8221;, London , Corm Helm , 1992 ,p. 52 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u062d\u0641 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 27 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631 :&#8221;\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 18-19 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">(4)<\/a> \u00a0\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623. \u0632\u0645\u0643\u0648 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c 2004 \u060c \u0635 24 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">(5)<\/a> \u00a0Joint Venture Information Manual , DRAFT 11 , June 24 , 2010, American Contractors Insurance Group , Inc , 2010 , p. 1 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">(6)<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \/\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0629 \/ \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u060c 2007-2008 \u060c \u0635 11 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631 :&#8221;\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 27 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a :&#8221;\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631&#8221; \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 56 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0635 5-19 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0J.R. Markusen :&#8221;Foreign Direct Investment as a Catalyst for Industral Development&#8221; , Eroupean Economic Review , London , Vol\u00a0 43 , 1999 , p. 335 .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 : \u00a0 &nbsp; \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 : \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c\u0648\u0625\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_113637584099864_226214150871618":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24549","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24549"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24549\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24552,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24549\/revisions\/24552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24549"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24549"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24549"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}