{"id":20683,"date":"2023-03-31T00:56:28","date_gmt":"2023-03-30T21:56:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/?p=20683"},"modified":"2023-03-31T00:56:28","modified_gmt":"2023-03-30T21:56:28","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%86%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/blog\/2023\/03\/31\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%86%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-12\/","title":{"rendered":": \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 :"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td 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\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (147) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u060c \u0622\u0630\u0627\u06311990\u060c \u063559 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0625\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \/ \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c1999 \u060c \u0635 21 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 5-7 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1999 \u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0635 77 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631 :&#8221;\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 56 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">(4)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0631 :&#8221;\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a- \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u060c \u0637 1 \u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c 1981 \u060c \u0635 53 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u062f. \u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062a\u064a :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 432 \u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0623\u0646\u064a \u060c 2007 \u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062f. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u060c 2002 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0631 :&#8221;\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 123 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a \u2013 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 :&#8221;\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c 2001 \u060c<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">(4)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u060c 1978 \u060c \u0635 12 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">(5)<\/a> \u00a0\u062f. \u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062a\u064a :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 2 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0646\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c 2009 \u060c \u0635 659 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f :&#8221;\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u060c1986 \u060c \u0635 120.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 : \u00a0 &nbsp; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0630 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 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