{"id":20672,"date":"2023-03-31T00:53:07","date_gmt":"2023-03-30T21:53:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/?p=20672"},"modified":"2023-03-31T00:53:07","modified_gmt":"2023-03-30T21:53:07","slug":"%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ab%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%b1-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/blog\/2023\/03\/31\/%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ab%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%b1-12\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631:"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"309\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a :<\/p>\n<p><strong>1 . \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623 . \u00a0\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a :<\/strong> \u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 (10%) \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">(1)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628 . \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><strong>(OCDE<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong> : <\/strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064e\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">(1)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c . \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><strong>(UNCTAD)<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629) \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631) \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 (10%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">(2)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0647\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">(3)<\/a> :<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 <\/strong><strong>(Equity Capital)<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 (\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645) \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646 (10%) \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (IMF) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 . <strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 <\/strong><strong>(Reinvested Earnings)<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a (\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 (dividends) . \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a (earning not remitted)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">(4)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <\/strong><strong>(Intra-Company Ioans)<\/strong><strong> : <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f .<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f . \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><strong>(WTO)<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 (Home Country \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629(Host Country .<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629) .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629&#8221; .<\/p>\n<p><strong>2 . \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0629 :-<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623 .<\/strong> \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 (Gilles Bertin) : \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">(2)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628 .<\/strong> \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644 (Denis Tresen &amp; Jean Bricoull) : \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">(3)<\/a> \u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c .<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0632 (Petter Hess &amp; Clark Ross) : \u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 10% \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629)<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">(4)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f .<\/strong> \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f (Paul Krugman &amp; Maurice Obstfeld) :<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 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\u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 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\u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0631\u0639<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">(1)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">(2)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">(3)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a : \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 18 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 359 \u060c 1993 \u060c \u0635 86 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0OCDE :&#8221;Detailed Benchmark Defion Of FDI&#8221; , 3<sup>rd<\/sup> ed , 1996 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0UNCTAD :&#8221;Investment Regimes in the Arab Word ISSUES &amp; Policies&#8221;, United Nation &amp; Geneva ,2000, p. 15.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062f \u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u060c 2005 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">(4)<\/a> \u00a0UNCTAD :&#8221;Trade &amp; Development Report 1998&#8243; ,United Nation, 1998 ,p.351 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a&#8221; \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c \u06372 \u060c 1982 \u060c \u0635 10 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0Denis Tresen &amp; Jean Bricoull :&#8221;Investment International&#8221; , Armand Colin , paris , 1990 , p. 5 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">(4)<\/a> \u00a0Petter Hess &amp; Clark Ross :&#8221;Economic Development \u2013 Theories , Evedence &amp; Policies&#8221; , The Dryden Pres , 1997 , p. 490 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0Paul R. Krugman :&#8221;International Economics \u2013 Theory &amp; Policy&#8221; , 7<sup>th<\/sup> ed ,Maurice Obstfeld , United States of America , 2006 , p. 157 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0Gregory Mankiw :&#8221;Principles Of Economics&#8221; , 4<sup>th<\/sup> ed , Chaina , 2007 , p. 561 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u0631\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 :&#8221;\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646&#8221; \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \/ \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 8-10 \u0622\u0628 \u060c 2000 \u060c \u0635 175 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631 :&#8221;\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631&#8221; \u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u060c 24-28 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u060c 2004 \u060c \u0635 2-3 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u062d\u0641 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2003 \u060c \u0635 15.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0\u062f. \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 :&#8221;\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 98 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u060c 1999 \u060c \u0635 132 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u062f. \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c 2008 \u060c \u0635 49-59 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f :&#8221;\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u060c 1978 \u060c \u0635 598 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u060c 1981 \u060c \u0635 111 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 :&#8221;\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 628 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0634\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a \u060c \u062c 6 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u060c \u0635 39 .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u00a0 &nbsp; \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a : 1 . \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 : \u00a0 &nbsp; \u0623 . \u00a0\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a : \u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_113637584099864_226214150871618":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20672","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20672"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20672\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20674,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20672\/revisions\/20674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}