{"id":19879,"date":"2023-01-31T20:42:45","date_gmt":"2023-01-31T17:42:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/?p=19879"},"modified":"2023-01-31T20:42:45","modified_gmt":"2023-01-31T17:42:45","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ab%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%8c-%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%8c-%d8%a3%d9%87%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%87-%d8%8c-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/blog\/2023\/01\/31\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ab%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%8c-%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%87-%d8%8c-%d8%a3%d9%87%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%87-%d8%8c-9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u2013 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u2013"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u2013 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u2013<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Investment : concept, Importance, Objective, Forms<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u00a0\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">(1)<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b : \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 :<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"417\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a :-<\/p>\n<p><strong>1 . \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"426\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u064e\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u062b\u0645\u064e\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064f\u0631 \u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 : \u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u062c : \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064e\u0631\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">(2)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u064e\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">(3)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a .<\/p>\n<p><strong>2 . \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"234\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a 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(\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e) (\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0622\u064a\u0629 99) \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 ( \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u064e\u0623 \u062c\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064d \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064e\u062a\u064d \u0648\u064e\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0639\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0634\u064e\u062a\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u062e\u0644\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0631\u0639\u064e \u0645\u064f\u062e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u064a\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a 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\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">(5)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641\u062a\u0640\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0640\u0647 &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0640\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0640\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">(1)<\/a> :<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623 <\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628<\/strong> . \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"342\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 <em>(United Nation)<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">(3)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c &#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">(4<\/a>) \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 <a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">(5)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6 . \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"378\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632((J.M. Keynes \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0640\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0640\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0640\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">(1)<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">(2)<\/a> .<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0645\u062f\u062a <em>(<\/em><em>H. Bierman &amp; S. Smidit<\/em><em>)<\/em> \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">(3)<\/a> .<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0644 <em>(Herbert E. Dongall)<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">(4)<\/a> .<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 <em>(Edward Shapiro)<\/em> \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">(5)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 <em>(I. Harvey &amp; M. Johnson)<\/em> \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u064a&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">(6)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0639\u064e\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0648 \u0622\u0644\u0646\u0632 <em>s)<\/em><em>\u2019 <\/em><em>(Boumal , Blinder &amp; Alan<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a <em>(Equipament)<\/em> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a <em>(Capital Formation<\/em>)<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">(7)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0632 <em>(Charles P. Jones)<\/em> \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">(8)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0627 <em>(V.K. Bhalla)<\/em> \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u060c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b&#8221; <a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\">(9)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7 . \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"318\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">(1)<\/a> \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a :-<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">(2)<\/a> .<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b<a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">(3)<\/a> .<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631<\/strong> \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\">(4)<\/a> .<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<a href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\">(5)<\/a> .<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<a href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\">(6)<\/a> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a :-<\/p>\n<p>1 . \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 .<\/p>\n<p>2 . \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0640\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0640\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0640\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a .<\/p>\n<p>3 . \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>4 . \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 .<\/p>\n<p>5 . \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a) \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u062f. \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 :&#8221;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a&#8221; \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u00a0 \u060c 1983 \u060c \u0635 349 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 :&#8221;\u0644\u0633\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u062b\u0645\u0631) \u060c \u06451 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c 1965 \u060c \u0635 503-504 .<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a :&#8221;\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632&#8221; \u060c \u062c2 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u060c 1965 \u060c \u0635 339 .<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a :&#8221;\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d&#8221; \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u060c 1987 \u060c \u0635 86 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">(3)<\/a> \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637&#8221; \u060c \u062c1 \u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c 1985 \u060c \u0635 100 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">(1)<\/a> \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 :&#8221;\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644) \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u060c 23-24 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011 \u060c\u00a0 \u06354 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a :&#8221;\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u060c \u0633\u0637\u064a\u0641\/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u060c 25-28 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633 2003 \u060c \u0635 655 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\/ \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631: (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 .. \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 23-24 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0635 5 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a :&#8221;\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0628\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c 3-5 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u060c 2005 \u060c \u0635 5 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">(4)<\/a> \u00a0\u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 :&#8221;\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 1965 \u060c \u0635 21 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">(5)<\/a> \u00a0\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u06371 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 1971 \u060c \u0635 79 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u06371 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c 1974 \u060c \u0635 79 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u060c \u062c6 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u060c 1982 \u060c \u0635 79 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0United\u00a0 Nation :&#8221;Concept &amp; Definition Of Capital For Nation Statistical&#8221; , paper No.3 , 1963 , p.7 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">(4)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c 1990 \u060c \u0635 138 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">(5)<\/a> \u00a0\u0647\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c 2003 \u060c \u0635 32 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0Johan Maynard Keynes :&#8221;The General Theory of Employment &amp; Money&#8221; , Macmillan Co.LTD , London , 1951 ,p. 77 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">(2)<\/a> \u0625\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627 :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u06372 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c 1979 \u060c \u0635 39 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0H. Bierman &amp; S. Smidit :&#8221;The Capital Budgeting Decision&#8221;, 2<sup>nd<\/sup>\u00a0 ed ,New York , The Mac Milion Co. , 1969,p.4.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">(4)<\/a> \u00a0Herbert E. Dongall :&#8221;Investment&#8221; ,The Edition ,Prent Ceholl , U.K. ,1973, p.1 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">(5)<\/a> \u00a0Edward Shapiro :&#8221;Macro-Economic Analysis , Harcourt Bracejora Novich , L.n.c. New York ,1974 ,p.156.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">(6)<\/a> \u00a0I. Harvey &amp; M. Johnson :&#8221;Introduction to Macro-Economic&#8221; , Robert Maclo Hose &amp; Co. LTD , Great Britain, 1978 , p. 77 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">(7)<\/a> \u00a0William Blinder Boumal &amp; Alan\u2019 s :&#8221;Macro-Economics&#8221;, 7<sup>th<\/sup> ed ,The Dryedn pressruns USA ,1997, p.143 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">(8)<\/a> \u00a0Charles P. Jones :&#8221;Investment-Analysis &amp; Management&#8221; , 9<sup>th<\/sup> ed , Printed &amp; Bound In India by Replika Press , 2004 , p. 3 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">(9)<\/a> \u00a0V.K. Bhalla :&#8221;Fundamentals of Investment Management&#8221; , Ram Vager , New Delhi , 2006 , p.3 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">(1)<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a :&#8221;\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c 1992 \u060c \u0635 15 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">(2)<\/a> \u00a0\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f :&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642&#8221; \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u060c 1996 \u060c \u0635 9 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">(3)<\/a> \u00a0\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646 :&#8221;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u060c 1997 \u060c \u0635 13 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">(4)<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a \u2013 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 :&#8221;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u060c \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u060c 2006 \u060c \u0635 9 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">(5)<\/a> \u00a0\u0644\u0624\u064a \u0641\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0631 :&#8221;\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u060c 2008 \u060c \u0635 16 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">(6)<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 :&#8221;\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0623\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u060c 2009 \u060c \u0635 15 .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u2013 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u060c \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u2013 Investment : concept, Importance, Objective, Forms \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062d\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_113637584099864_226214150871618":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19879"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19880,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19879\/revisions\/19880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}