{"id":18097,"date":"2022-11-29T22:29:21","date_gmt":"2022-11-29T19:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/?p=18097"},"modified":"2022-11-29T22:29:21","modified_gmt":"2022-11-29T19:29:21","slug":"%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%87%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b8-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/blog\/2022\/11\/29\/%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%87%d8%af%d9%8a-%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b8-7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u064a \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u00a0 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">(3)<\/a><sup>.<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u0644\u0633\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0645<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">(<\/a>4)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><sup>(<\/sup>[1]<sup>)<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 , \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649, \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 , \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 , \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a , 2001 , \u063537 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a>([2]) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a, \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631, \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 , \u06372 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0644 , \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629, 1968 , \u063527.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a><sup>(<\/sup>[3]<sup>) \u0627 <\/sup>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 , \u0627\u064a\u0629 2, \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a><sup>(<\/sup>[4]<sup>) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 <\/sup>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 , \u0627\u064a\u0629 112 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a>([5]) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645,\u00a0 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 , \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u062a , \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><\/a>([6]) \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u00a0 , \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 , \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d , \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 ,1983 , \u06353,4 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">(1)<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a , \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b , \u063528 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">(2)<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a , \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0637\u0647 , \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u063a , \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f , \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 , \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 , \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 , \u06371 , 2000 , \u063546 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><sup>\u00a0(<\/sup><\/a>3<sup>)<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a , \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 , \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 , \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f , \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 , \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f , 1972 , \u063510 .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">(<\/a>4) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a ,\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f , \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a ,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 , \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1990 , \u0635128 .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a , \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 , \u0648 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_113637584099864_226214150871618":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18097"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18097\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18098,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18097\/revisions\/18098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}