{"id":10963,"date":"2021-09-30T23:50:14","date_gmt":"2021-09-30T20:50:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/?p=10963"},"modified":"2021-09-30T23:50:14","modified_gmt":"2021-09-30T20:50:14","slug":"%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%86-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/blog\/2021\/09\/30\/%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%86-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%a8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0638\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628: – <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641: –<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

-\u0647\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0623\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a<\/p>\n

-\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 (1)<\/sup><\/a>.<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n

-\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644(steps) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 (2)<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– \u0646\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639(3)<\/sup><\/a>.<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n

-\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0623\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.(1)<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

-\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0627 Filippo \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 “\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.(2)<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 :<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1)<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a\u2018\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629-\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.2006,\u063521.<\/p>\n

(2)<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u064a\u2018\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u06371, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u2013\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 ,2009,\u0635153.<\/p>\n

(3)<\/a> \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u2018\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371,\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647-\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646,2009,\u0635130.<\/p>\n

(1)<\/a> \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u2018\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646,2004,\u0635101.<\/p>\n

(2)<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635102.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628: – \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641: –   -\u0647\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0623\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a -\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 (1). \u00a0 -\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":{"facebook_113637584099864_226214150871618":""},"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1","entry"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10963"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10963\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10964,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10963\/revisions\/10964"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tourism.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}